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Product details

File Size: 2422 KB

Print Length: 216 pages

Publisher: Columbia University Press (June 19, 2018)

Publication Date: June 19, 2018

Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC

Language: English

ASIN: B077XL1W4V

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In my undergrad course "Principles of Systematics" in the University of California, at the beginning of the term the students are asked to consider whether a Martian taxonomist with no prior familiarity with earth biota would necessarily classify them the same way our taxonomists do. To put it another way, is the work of taxonomy merely to identify and name what is objectively out there, or is there more to it--and if the latter, what? Of course there IS more to it. This superb book is about the taxonomy of human beings and how the "obvious" can be--and is--wrong.It's a commonplace that if some other species were doing the classifying, the races of mankind would be named as subspecies (and in fact, the founder of binomial nomenclature, Carolus Linnaeus, did just that back in 1758). Why are such names not recognized today? People who use this argument usually intend it as a proof that races are "real" biological entities (and the only barrier to naming them in our species is political sensitivity). Actually, it merely demonstrates that subspecies in general are NOT "real." That's just as true for birds or butterflies as for us.Subspecies are arbitrary and although they may correspond to evolutionarily interesting subsets of a species, they need not--and regularly DO not. The key to realizing that was the DNA revolution.DeSalle and Tattersall demonstrate painstakingly how cheap, easy DNA sequencing has indeed revolutionized population and evolutionary biology and the justification for taxonomic decision-making, and how our concept of our own species has changed in consequence. They develop their argument historically and sequentially, with numerous examples. Unfortunately, the public at large is not prepared to digest material that presupposes an understanding of statistical reasoning and methodology. So this is not a book "for everyone." My research group uses many, indeed most, of the approaches described here to study evolution and speciation in butterflies; I teach the methods and their underlying conceptual bases in several courses. I know from experience that even doctoral students in biological sciences frequently cannot explain them in their oral exams at the level they are presented here. I in fact aim to recommend this book to grad students -- even in Physical Anthropology -- as a pre-orals refresher! But unless Aunt Harriet has had some statistics, it's not the book to buy her for Christmas.While the reality of subspecies in darkling beetles is hardly an earth-shaking question, the reality of race in our own species IS, as we are reminded every day. If a proper approach to race requires techniques beyond the layman's ken, it is incumbent on those of us on the front lines to explain the outcomes comprehensibly. Otherwise they will be dismissed as mere gobbledygook, and the racial typologists will win, however intellectually muddled their case might be and however destructive its consequences.

A great scientific rebuttal to all racist thinking and policies, especially relevant for the Trump era and before!

The preface of this book is pretty clear. By way of summary, I would say it amounts to: we can't believe we have to say this again! Race is a social construct and has no discernible foundation in scientific and DNA.But they do have to say it again. Recent events in American culture and politics necessitate it, but this is written in direct response to Wade's recent book claiming a scientific basis for race and the review in the New York Times (Murray) stating that, since the science of the book was unassailable, all criticism of the book would be about the social implications of intrinsic racial differences between people. Well, DeSalle and Tattersall are here to assail the science. Because it sucks.They begin with several chapters setting up the scientific studies that lead to the important conclusions: evolution, especially human evolution, taxonomy, speciation. Then a bit about how humans are clustered into groups using DNA and the science of sorting species, which was then applied to humans. Then Ch 14 directly addresses Wade's book.The final chapter is an acknowledgment of the social construct of race. Race exists because we act like it does. The authors are frustrated that medical/pharma studies still sort their subjects by race, and also that the census requires us all to sort ourselves according to race. They acknowledge that there's sociological meaning in doing so. But they also think that every time we sort humans according to race, we're buying into the lie. I'm not sure what the right answer is here, and the chapter seemed like the beginning of a good discussion rather than the end of one. But the social construct is not their area of expertise nor their focus on the book. They're trying to lay out in a somewhat shortened form (compared to their previous book) the arguments against a scientific basis for race.A lot of the initial chapters was review for me. I did appreciate their chapter about Neanderthal DNA, since ancestry tests tell people how much of their DNA is from Neanderthals (that used to be an insult, but when we discovered that there's Neanderthal DNA in a lot of white people, we've changed our tune), and how little of the story is captured by those reports. This discussion includes rather adorable uses of the term "hanky-panky" by two stiff academicians. I also appreciate their definition of the misleading ancestry phenomenon they call the Stephen Colbert effect -- the fact that those ancestry tests only capture the origin of the last few generations of our ancestry and neglect the fact that Colbert, and all of us, are 99% African.All in all a good read, although I suspect it would be rather repetitious for those who have read their earlier book on race (I have not). I think the language is a little too thick to convince someone who truly believes that race is a genetic phenomenon (and that one race is superior to the others) that they are wrong. But it's a good resource for those with an open mind to have access to the main issues in the debate, and to make clear what good science says on the subject.I got a copy to review from Net Galley.

I think this is an excellent book for laying out what a person would need to study to understand modern genomics, the distribution/s of the human genome, and why there is no science supporting the idea of race. Unfortunately this book is only for insiders: those already involved in microbiology and genetics and/or someone who has a B.S. in mathematics. I have a degree in engineering; I really understood about 10% of the book, while sort of getting the gist of the rest of it. This book was written for the authors’ fellow scholars and scientists to refute Nicholas Wade’s 2014 racist book, A Troublesome Inheritance.

I stopped reading around half-way through when the discussion turned to humans, denisovans and neanderthals. At that point I still had no better idea about race than when I started the book. It was too detailed and took too long to get to the point. I think that the book will be interesting to biologists only.Disclosure: I received a complimentary copy of the book via Netgalley for review purposes.

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